What does blood cell functions include within the capillaries?

Blood cell functions within capillaries include:

1. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Exchange: Capillaries are the main site of exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the tissues. The oxygenated blood from the lungs flows through capillaries allowing the oxygen to diffuse out of the capillaries into the tissue fluids and from there to the cells. Simultaneously, carbon dioxide generated by the cells diffuses from the tissues into the capillaries, to be carried away by the blood.

2. Transport of Nutrients: Nutrients absorbed from the digestive system are transported by the blood through capillaries to the various cells of the body. These nutrients include glucose, amino acids, lipids, minerals, and vitamins.

3. Transport of Wastes and Toxins: Capillaries facilitate the removal of waste products and toxins generated by cells. These substances are transported by the blood to the liver, kidneys, and other organs for detoxification or elimination from the body.

4. Distribution of Hormones and Regulatory Factors: Capillaries enable the delivery of hormones, signaling molecules, and regulatory factors from endocrine glands and other organs to their target sites in the body. These factors help maintain homeostasis and coordinate bodily functions.

5. Immune Function: Capillaries play a role in the immune system by allowing the passage of white blood cells, antibodies, and other immune cells to the site of infection or inflammation.

6. Capillary Fluid Exchange: Capillaries contribute to the exchange of fluids and solutes between the blood and the surrounding tissues. This fluid exchange is regulated by the Starling forces, which determine whether there is a net movement of fluid into or out of the capillaries.

Overall, blood capillaries are crucial in facilitating the exchange of essential substances between the blood and the tissues, enabling the body to carry out its various functions.