What does white blood do?

White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes, are a component of the body's immune system. Their primary function is to protect the body against infections and diseases by identifying and eliminating harmful foreign particles, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. White blood cells are produced and stored in the bone marrow and travel throughout the body in the blood and lymphatic system, constantly searching for and destroying pathogens.

There are several types of white blood cells, each with specific roles and functions:

1. Neutrophils: Neutrophils are the most common type of white blood cell and are the first to respond to infections. They engulf and digest bacteria and cellular debris through a process called phagocytosis.

2. Lymphocytes: Lymphocytes include several subtypes, such as T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. T cells help recognize and destroy infected or cancerous cells, while B cells produce antibodies that target and neutralize specific pathogens. NK cells kill abnormal cells that may become cancerous or infected.

3. Monocytes: Monocytes are large white blood cells that develop into macrophages upon entering tissues. Macrophages are specialized in engulfing and digesting foreign particles, including bacteria, dead cells, and cellular debris.

4. Eosinophils: Eosinophils are involved in defending against parasitic infections and allergies. They release toxic chemicals that damage and kill parasites and are also important in reducing allergic responses.

5. Basophils: Basophils are the least common type of white blood cell and are involved in inflammatory reactions and allergic responses. They release histamine and other chemicals that promote vasodilation and inflammation.

White blood cell counts and types can vary depending on a person's health status and response to specific infections or illnesses. Elevated white blood cell counts (leukocytosis) may indicate an infection or inflammatory condition, while low white blood cell counts (leukopenia) may signify immune system disorders or certain types of infections.

Overall, white blood cells are essential for protecting the body against diseases and infections by recognizing, engulfing, and destroying harmful foreign substances. They play a crucial role in maintaining overall health and immunity.