What causes hemolytic-uremic syndrome?

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a condition marked by the destruction of red blood cells (hemolytic anemia), low blood platelet counts (thrombocytopenia), and kidney failure (acute renal failure).

HUS is most often caused by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), a type of bacteria that can be found in contaminated food or water. STEC can cause severe abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. The shiga toxin produced by STEC can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to HUS.

Other causes of HUS include:

- Streptococcus pneumoniae infection

- Streptococcus pyogenes infection

- Neisseria meningitidis infection

- Enterococcus faecalis infection

- Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

- Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection

- Shigella dysenteriae infection

- Clostridium difficile infection

- Certain medications, such as quinine, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, and mitomycin C

- Bone marrow transplantation

- Pregnancy

- Autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome

HUS is a serious condition and can be life-threatening. Treatment typically involves supportive care, such as fluids, blood transfusions, and dialysis. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the damaged kidneys.