What methods dod Charles Drew use to prolong the storage time for whole blood?
Charles Drew used several innovative methods to prolong the storage time for whole blood, which greatly contributed to the advancement of blood banking. Here are his significant methods:
1. Plasma Fractionation:
- Drew developed a technique known as plasma fractionation, where he separated whole blood into its components, including plasma, red blood cells, and platelets.
- By removing the plasma, which contains clotting factors and other proteins, the red blood cells could be suspended in a suitable solution, significantly extending their storage life.
2. Use of Anticoagulants:
- Drew experimented with various anticoagulants to prevent blood from clotting during storage. He found that sodium citrate was effective in preserving the viability of red blood cells for longer periods.
3. Controlled Temperature Storage:
- Drew recognized the importance of maintaining a proper temperature for blood storage. He established that storing blood at a temperature just above freezing (4 degrees Celsius) could preserve it for several days.
4. Sterile Collection and Storage Techniques:
- Drew emphasized the importance of sterile techniques during blood collection and storage to prevent bacterial contamination. He implemented protocols to ensure that blood was collected using sterilized equipment and stored in sterile containers.
5. Development of the Blood Bank System:
- Drew played a crucial role in creating the first blood bank system, initially known as the "Blood for Britain" project during World War II. This system allowed for the collection, storage, and distribution of blood to medical facilities, saving numerous lives.
6. Education and Training:
- Drew actively engaged in educating medical personnel about blood banking and transfusion techniques. He authored manuals, conducted workshops, and developed training programs to ensure that medical professionals had the necessary knowledge and skills to handle blood transfusions safely and effectively.
By pioneering these methods, Charles Drew made substantial contributions to the development of modern blood banking practices, making blood transfusions safer and more effective, and ultimately saving millions of lives.