What is focal hemorrhagic endometrium?

Focal hemorrhagic endometrium refers to the presence of small areas of bleeding or hemorrhage within the uterine lining (endometrium). It is a common finding during certain phases of the menstrual cycle, particularly during menstruation when the endometrium sheds. In such cases, it is a normal physiological process and does not indicate any underlying pathology.

However, focal hemorrhagic endometrium can also occur outside of menstruation and might be associated with various conditions or abnormalities. These may include:

1. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): PCOS is a hormonal disorder that can cause irregular menstrual cycles. It is often associated with hormonal imbalances, leading to endometrial abnormalities and focal hemorrhagic endometrium.

2. Endometriosis: Endometriosis is a condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. This misplaced tissue can bleed, causing focal hemorrhagic endometrium.

3. Hormonal Imbalances: Certain hormonal disturbances, such as an excess of estrogen or progesterone, can result in abnormal endometrial thickening and focal hemorrhagic endometrium.

4. Uterine Polyps: Polyps are growths that project from the endometrial surface. When these polyps grow and contain blood vessels, they can rupture and cause focal hemorrhagic endometrium.

5. Infection: In some cases, focal hemorrhagic endometrium can be associated with infections such as endometritis (infection of the uterine lining) or certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

6. Cancer: While uncommon, focal hemorrhagic endometrium can rarely be a sign of endometrial cancer, especially in postmenopausal women who experience abnormal bleeding.

Focal hemorrhagic endometrium is usually detected during a pelvic ultrasound or transvaginal ultrasound. In most cases, it resolves on its own, especially if it is related to the menstrual cycle. However, if the bleeding is excessive, persistent, or associated with other symptoms, further evaluation by a healthcare professional is recommended to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.