How long can a person live if infected with hepatitis B?

The progression and severity of hepatitis B infection can vary greatly from person to person. While some individuals may experience a mild infection that resolves spontaneously, others may develop chronic hepatitis B, which can lead to serious liver damage over time. The outcome and life expectancy of a person infected with hepatitis B depend on several factors, including the individual's immune response, the presence of other underlying medical conditions, and the type of hepatitis B treatment received.

In acute hepatitis B infection, which typically lasts for a few weeks to several months, the majority of people recover fully without any significant long-term consequences. However, in about 5-10% of cases, the infection can become chronic.

In chronic hepatitis B infection, the virus persists in the body for more than six months and can cause inflammation and damage to the liver. The course of chronic hepatitis B can vary widely, with some individuals experiencing mild or inactive disease, while others may develop severe liver damage, liver failure, or liver cancer. The progression of chronic hepatitis B to more severe outcomes can take years or even decades.

With proper treatment and management, many people with chronic hepatitis B can achieve viral suppression, which means that the levels of the hepatitis B virus in the blood are reduced to very low or undetectable levels. This can help prevent or slow the progression of liver damage and reduce the risk of complications such as liver failure and cancer. Regular monitoring of liver health, adherence to treatment, and lifestyle modifications are important for individuals with chronic hepatitis B to manage their condition and improve their overall health outcomes.

The availability of effective antiviral medications, such as nucleos(t)ide analogs, has significantly improved the prognosis and life expectancy of people with chronic hepatitis B. With consistent treatment and appropriate lifestyle choices, many individuals can lead long and full lives despite having the infection.