What ways can hepatitis be transmitted?

There are three main types of hepatitis viruses that cause viral hepatitis: hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). It is also possible to get hepatitis from other viruses such as the hepatitis E virus (HEV) and the cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Hepatitis A virus (HAV)

- Transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water.

- Can also be transmitted through close contact with an infected person, such as through shared towels or toothbrushes.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

- Transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids.

- This can occur through sexual contact, sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia, or getting a tattoo or piercing with unsterile equipment.

- Can also be transmitted from mother to baby during childbirth.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

- Transmitted through contact with infected blood.

- This can occur through sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia, getting a tattoo or piercing with unsterile equipment, or having a blood transfusion or organ transplant from an infected donor.

- Can also be transmitted from mother to baby during childbirth.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV)

- Transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water.

- Most commonly occurs in developing countries where sanitation is poor.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

- Transmitted through close contact with an infected person, such as through kissing, sharing saliva, or sexual contact.

- Can also be transmitted from mother to baby during childbirth.

It's important to note that hepatitis viruses can range in severity from mild to life-threatening, and some forms can lead to chronic liver disease.

Practicing good hygiene, such as frequent hand washing and avoiding contact with contaminated food or water, can help reduce the risk of infection. Vaccination is available for HAV and HBV, and there are antiviral treatments available for HCV.