How does hepatitis start?
Hepatitis can have several causes, so its starting point can vary depending on the specific type. Here are the common ways different types of hepatitis can start:
Hepatitis A:
- Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. It commonly starts when an individual consumes food or drinks that have been contaminated with the hepatitis A virus (HAV). HAV can survive in the environment for long periods, making it prone to spread in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene.
Hepatitis B:
- Hepatitis B is mainly transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. It can start through various routes, including:
- Direct contact with infected blood, such as through sharing needles or sharp objects during drug use or unsafe medical procedures.
- Sexual contact with an infected person.
- Perinatal transmission from an infected mother to her child during childbirth or shortly after birth.
Hepatitis C:
- Hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected blood. The most common ways it starts include:
- Sharing needles or sharp objects during drug use or unsafe medical procedures.
- Accidental needlestick injuries in healthcare settings.
- Blood transfusions or organ transplants before widespread screening of blood and organs.
Hepatitis E:
- Hepatitis E is usually spread through contaminated water or food. It commonly starts when individuals consume water or food that has been contaminated with the hepatitis E virus (HEV). Like HAV, HEV can survive in the environment and is associated with outbreaks in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene.
Autoimmune Hepatitis:
- Autoimmune hepatitis is a condition in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the liver cells, leading to inflammation and damage. The cause of autoimmune hepatitis is not fully understood, but genetic factors and environmental triggers are believed to play a role. It can start insidiously without an apparent trigger.
Drug-Induced Hepatitis:
- Drug-induced hepatitis can start as a result of certain medications or substances that damage the liver. Some medications, such as certain antibiotics, painkillers, and chemotherapy drugs, can cause liver toxicity, leading to hepatitis. Alcohol abuse can also cause drug-induced hepatitis.
It's important to note that hepatitis can also be spread from an infected mother to her newborn during pregnancy or childbirth, known as vertical transmission. This can occur with hepatitis B, C, and E. Vaccination and proper medical care can help prevent the transmission of hepatitis viruses and reduce the risk of developing hepatitis.