How can hepatitis C be transmitted?

Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It is primarily spread through contact with infected blood. The most common ways hepatitis C is transmitted include:

1. Sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia: Sharing needles, syringes, or other equipment used to inject drugs can transmit the virus directly into the bloodstream.

2. Blood transfusions and organ transplantation: Before the 1990s, blood transfusions were a significant risk factor for hepatitis C transmission. However, with the implementation of stringent blood screening measures, the risk of transmission through transfusions is now very low. Similarly, organ transplantation can potentially transmit HCV if the donor is infected.

3. Sexual contact: Hepatitis C can be transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, especially if there is significant bleeding or trauma. However, the risk of transmission through sexual contact is generally considered to be low.

4. Perinatal transmission: Hepatitis C can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. However, this mode of transmission is also relatively uncommon.

Hepatitis C is not spread through casual contact such as shaking hands, hugging, sharing eating utensils, or using public facilities.