Heparin-Induced What to Know

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious condition that can occur when heparin, a blood thinner, is used. HIT can cause low platelets, which can lead to blood clots.

What causes HIT?

HIT is caused by an immune reaction to heparin. When heparin is given, it can bind to a protein in the blood called platelet factor 4 (PF4). This binding can cause the immune system to produce antibodies against PF4. These antibodies can then activate platelets, leading to the formation of blood clots.

Who is at risk for HIT?

Anyone who is given heparin is at risk for HIT, but some people are at higher risk than others. These include:

* People who have had heparin before

* People who have undergone certain surgeries, such as heart surgery

* People who are pregnant

* People who have cancer

What are the symptoms of HIT?

The symptoms of HIT can vary, but they may include:

* Low platelet count

* Bleeding

* Blood clots

* Chest pain

* Shortness of breath

* Headache

* Confusion

How is HIT diagnosed?

HIT is diagnosed with a blood test that measures the levels of antibodies against PF4.

How is HIT treated?

The treatment for HIT is to stop taking heparin and give an alternative blood thinner. Other treatments may include:

* Platelet transfusions

* Corticosteroids

* Immunoglobulin

What is the outlook for HIT?

The outlook for HIT is generally good if it is diagnosed and treated early. However, HIT can be fatal if it is not treated.