Where is the incidence of leprosy highest?

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which mainly affects the skin and peripheral nerves. While it can occur anywhere, the incidence of leprosy is highest in certain regions of the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries. Here are some areas with a high prevalence of leprosy:

1. India: India has the highest burden of leprosy globally. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 60% of the world's new cases of leprosy occur in India. The disease is prevalent in several states, including Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Maharashtra.

2. Brazil: Brazil ranks second in terms of the number of leprosy cases worldwide. It contributes to about 14% of the global incidence. Leprosy is found primarily in the northeastern, southeastern, and central-western regions of the country, with states like Minas Gerais, Bahia, Tocantins, and Pará having higher prevalence rates.

3. Indonesia: Indonesia has a significant burden of leprosy, accounting for about 8% of new cases globally. The disease is more common in certain provinces, including Papua, East Nusa Tenggara, and North Maluku.

4. Nepal: Leprosy is endemic in Nepal, with an estimated prevalence rate higher than the global average. It is prevalent in the Terai region, particularly in the districts of Saptari, Sunsari, Sarlahi, and Mahottari.

5. Bangladesh: Bangladesh has a high prevalence of leprosy, and it contributes to around 5% of new cases globally. The disease is found throughout the country, but the northern and northeastern regions have higher rates.

It's important to note that while these countries may have higher incidence rates, leprosy can also occur in other parts of the world. Access to early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention efforts are essential for controlling and eliminating the disease.