HSV Treatments

HSV, or human simplex virus, is more commonly known as cold sores or fever blisters. It occurs as an outbreak of one or more sores on the mucosal layers of the body (mouth, genitals, lips, eyes). These sores are typically red and swollen but may have a white or greenish layer. Treatment for HSV is simple and should be started early to prevent discomfort.

Types

• There are two types of HSV: HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-1 is more common and usually consists of sores on the lower mouth and lips. HSV-2 usually consists of sores on the genitals. Genetically there is little difference between the two virus strains. Differentiating between the two, therefore, is based primarily on location or "site of preference."

Spread

• HSV-1 is more easily spread than HSV-2. HSV-1 can be transmitted through oral fluids (even casual kisses), so most individuals will develop HSV-1 antibodies at some point in their life. In fact, around 50 percent of people have HSV-1 antibodies before their teenage years. HSV-2 is almost entirely spread through sexual activity, so most people do not develop the strain until later in their life. HSV infections can also be transmitted from the mouth to the genitals.

Treatment for HSV-1

• There is currently no cure or vaccine for HSV-1. Treatment can consist of over-the-counter drugs, prescription medication and even nondrug techniques. Treatment not requiring drugs may consist of placing a cold compress on the sores to dull pain or reduce swelling. Frequent washing of the hands and face also helps contain the spread of the virus. Over-the-counter medication often consists of topical anesthetics that dull pain but do not speed the healing process. These come in the form of gels and balms that can be applied directly to a sore. Prescription medication consists of oral antiviral drugs that decrease the duration of an HSV-1 outbreak.

Treatment for HSV-2

• Treatment for HSV-2 consists primarily of antiviral, oral medication. Like HSV-1, there is no cure for HSV-2, so medication simply acts as a temporary fix and alleviator of pain. Medication can lessen the pain associated with genital sores, reduce a sore's duration and even reduce the likelihood of a similar outbreak in the future. Depending on the outbreak and its severity a doctor may prescribe antiviral medication during outbreaks or during periods between outbreaks.

Prevention/Solution

• Try to avoid prolonged exposure to stress and sunlight as much as possible. These may aggravate an outbreak of HSV-1 or increase the likelihood of developing an outbreak. Continue to take antiviral medication daily (even in the absence of an outbreak) if a doctor suggests it. This will lower your chances of having an outbreak in the future. HSV-2 can be transmitted through reproductive fluids, so consider it before engaging in sexual activity with another person infected with HSV-2.