Blood Pressure Reducing Medications

High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, increases the risk of heart attack and stroke. If you have hypertension, your blood has to pump harder, placing more strain on your heart. Chances are, if you live beyond age 55, you will eventually face problems with high blood pressure. You can ease hypertension by changing your diet, exercising and taking medication.

Diuretics

• Most doctors prescribe a diuretic along with at least one other blood pressure reducing medication, according to the Mayo Clinic. These pills are commonly called "water pills" and are available both over-the-counter and through prescription. Diuretics help hypertension by increasing urination, which helps rid the body of extra water and sodium.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

• ACE inhibitors block production of a hormone that constricts the blood vessels. One of the most common ACE inhibitors is Altace, chemically known as remipril. The drug, taken in capsule form, has such possible side effects as dry mouth and dizziness. In rare cases ACE inhibitors can lead to dangerously low blood sugar.

Beta Blockers

• Beta blockers reduce hypertension by reducing nerve signals to the blood vessels and heart, according to the Mayo Clinic. One of the most common beta blockers prescribed in the United States is Levatol, chemically known as penbutolol sulfate. The pill's most common side effects include diarrhea, sexual impotence, nausea, excessive sweating and insomnia. In rare cases, it triggers an allergic reaction.

Calcium Channel Blockers

• Calcium channel blockers lower blood pressure by stopping calcium from traveling to the cells of the heart and blood vessels, according to the Mayo Clinic. This allows such cells to relax, reducing hypertension. One of the most common calcium channel blockers is Norvasc, chemically known as amlodipine besylate. The medication's side effects include headache, edema, fatigue and dizziness.

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

• Angiotensin II receptor blockers widen the blood vessels, according to the Mayo Clinic. Such medications work by preventing the hormone angiotensin from affecting the blood vessels. One of the most common medications in this class is Diovan, chemically known as valsartan. The drug is not recommended for people with kidney disease. The drug's users also have to be alert for possible drops in blood pressure. Other possible side effects include flu-like symptoms, headache, dizziness and stomach pain.