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Causes of High Blood Pressure in Adolescents

Every time the heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries. High blood pressure means that the pressure inside the arteries is higher than normal. A normal blood pressure for an adolescent will vary depending on gender, age, height and weight. Many factors can affect blood pressure. Several readings taken at various intervals are needed to get an accurate reading.

  1. High Blood Pressure

    • As a rule, blood pressure is low in babies and slowly increases as a child ages. The National High Blood Pressure Education Program has compiled charts that guide a physician in determining if an adolescent's blood pressure is higher than his peers'. A reading that is higher than 90 to 95 percent of other adolescents in a same category may signal high blood pressure.

    Blood Pressure Readings

    • A blood pressure reading in adolescents is based on several values, such as age and height. There are separate values for males and females.

    Causes

    • Several factors can cause a fluctuation in blood pressure, resulting in a high reading. Blood pressure is usually higher during the day than at night and rest. Exercise cause a spike in blood pressure as well.

    Stress and Emotions

    • Adolescents often experience a daily rollercoaster ride of emotions. Fear, happiness, anger and sadness can have an affect on blood pressure. Stress is not just an adult's concern. Emotional and physical stresses will result in blood pressure swings. Even being in a doctor's office can cause blood pressure to rise.

    Illness

    • Illnesses are another cause of high blood pressure in adolescents. Kidney and heart disease affect blood pressure. Obese and overweight adolescents tend to have higher blood pressure readings. A head injury will also affect blood pressure.

    Smoking

    • Smoking is directly related to blood pressure. Adolescents should never start smoking, and quitting at a young age is a very healthy decision.

    Treatment

    • Treatment for high blood pressure in adolescents includes weight management, exercise and a healthy diet. Only 1 percent of adolescents require medication.

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