Antihypertensives and Wet AMD: What’s the Risk?

The relationship between antihypertensives and wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) is a complex and evolving area of research. While some studies have suggested a potential increased risk of wet AMD associated with certain types of antihypertensive medications, the findings have been inconsistent and further research is needed to establish a definitive causal link. Here's a summary of the current understanding:

Association with Calcium Channel Blockers: Some studies have reported an increased risk of wet AMD with the use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs), particularly nifedipine, a specific type of CCB. The proposed mechanism involves disturbances in retinal blood flow regulation and oxidative stress caused by these medications. However, other studies have not found a significant association.

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) Inhibitors: RAAS inhibitors, which include angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), have been investigated for their potential role in wet AMD. While some early studies suggested a possible protective effect of these medications, more recent large-scale studies have generally not found a significant association between RAAS inhibitors and wet AMD risk.

Beta-Blockers and Thiazide Diuretics: Limited research suggests that beta-blockers and thiazide diuretics may not carry a significant risk of wet AMD. However, the evidence is less consistent compared to CCBs and RAAS inhibitors.

Overall, the current body of research does not provide conclusive evidence to establish a causal relationship between antihypertensives and wet AMD. Some studies have hinted at a potential association with certain medications, particularly calcium channel blockers, but further investigations with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are necessary to confirm these findings. It's essential to note that managing hypertension is crucial for overall health, and any concerns about specific medications should be discussed with a healthcare professional.