What is the pathophysiology of hypertension answer shoud be in flow chart form?

Hypertension Pathophysiology

Primary (Essential) Hypertension

- Exact cause is unknown

- Multiple factors contribute, including:

- Genetic predisposition

- Environmental factors, such as:

- Obesity

- Physical inactivity

- Excessive sodium intake

- Alcohol consumption

- Smoking

- Increased sympathetic activity

-Activation of Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone system resulting in Vasocostriction and fluid retention

Increased peripheral vascular resistance

Structural changes in the arterioles

- Thickening of the arterial wall

- Decreased elasticity of the arterial wall

Increased cardiac output

- Increased heart rate

- Increased stroke volume

Secondary Hypertension

- Caused by an underlying medical condition, such as:

- Kidney disease

- Endocrine disorders, such as Cushing's syndrome

- Thyroid disease

- Diabetes

- Impaired kidney function

- Decreased ability of the kidneys to excrete sodium

- Fluid retention

- Increased vascular resistance

Increased secretion of adrenal hormones

- Aldosterone

- Cortisol

Increased cardiac output

- Increased heart rate

- Increased stroke volume

Consequences of Hypertension

- Increased risk of:

- Stroke

- Heart failure

- Myocardial infarction

- Kidney failure

- Retinal detachment

- Cognitive impairment

- Dementia