What Is Adolescent Hypertension?

Adolescent hypertension is rapidly becoming a major health problem in the U.S. Hypertension was once thought to be an adult problem; however, large numbers of children are diagnosed with the condition on an annual basis. There are myriad factors that can cause adolescent hypertension including family history, obesity and kidney disease.

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

• Hypertension is a symptom-free condition that requires the heart to pump more blood through the arteries to maintain body function. When the heart pumps more blood it causes the arteries to deteriorate. Hypertension can lead to health problems including weakened arteries, which often leads to the development of heart and cardiovascular disease.

Adolescent Hypertension

• According to the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), hypertension appears to be on the rise in children. Children who suffer from hypertension experience elevated blood pressure, which can wreak havoc on a child's organs. When adolescent hypertension goes untreated it causes serious long-term health problems. There are two main types of adolescent hypertension, primary and secondary.

Primary

• Primary adolescent hypertension is the most common form of the condition. According to AAFP estimates, primary adolescent hypertension tends to make up 85% of hypertension cases and onset generally occurs during adolescence. Children that suffer from the condition tend to be overweight or obese and have a family history of hypertension.

Secondary

• Secondary adolescent hypertension is a less common form of the condition. The condition generally occurs during the prepubescent years. In 70% of children with secondary hypertension, the condition is caused by kidney disease. Kidney disease and hypertension can combine to cause kidney failure if they are not properly treated.

Evaluation and Treatment

• In order to diagnose the condition, children undergo laboratory tests that examine blood and urine samples, as well as extensive physical examinations. If the child is found to be suffering from a form of hypertension, physicians will prescribe medications and offer health tips to alter his lifestyle.

  Medication is prescribed depending on the severity and type of hypertension and according to how much damage has been done to the organs. In addition to medication, children are given healthy lifestyle alternatives including proper dietary guides that include low-fat and reduced-sodium diets. Children are also given exercise plans and weight loss techniques. Physicians also stress the importance of avoiding alcohol and smoking to keep the condition from worsening.

Long-Term Health

• Children who have adolescent hypertension are at a greater risk for developing the condition throughout their lives. Adolescents with hypertension are more likely to experience chronic illnesses and suffer damage to major organs than their healthier counterparts. Furthermore, adolescent hypertension may be a symptom of a more serious health problem. Therefore, it is important to monitor your child's blood pressure and to properly manage hypertension after diagnosis.