What is the circumstances through which an infected person can spread HIV to another individual?

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be spread through specific bodily fluids from an infected person to another individual. These bodily fluids include:

1. Blood: HIV can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, such as through sharing needles or syringes for injecting drugs, accidental needlestick injuries, blood transfusions (in countries where blood is not adequately screened), or organ transplantation from an infected donor.

2. Semen: HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected person. During sex, semen from an infected individual can enter the body of the unprotected partner, potentially transmitting the virus.

3. Vaginal fluids: HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected person. During sex, vaginal fluids from an infected individual can enter the body of the unprotected partner, potentially transmitting the virus.

4. Rectal fluids: HIV can be transmitted through unprotected anal sex with an infected person. During anal sex, rectal fluids from an infected individual can enter the body of the unprotected partner, potentially transmitting the virus.

5. Breast milk: HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her infant through breastfeeding. During breastfeeding, the virus can pass from the mother's breast milk to the nursing child.

It's important to note that HIV is primarily transmitted through specific circumstances involving the exchange of bodily fluids. Casual contact, such as shaking hands, hugging, or sharing utensils, does not pose a risk of HIV transmission.