Do people who use protection still get HIV infection?

While using protection can significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission, it does not guarantee complete protection. There are still some factors that can contribute to HIV infection even when protection is used:

1. Incorrect or inconsistent condom use: Condoms are highly effective in preventing HIV transmission when used correctly and consistently during every sexual encounter. However, if condoms are not used properly, such as slipping off during intercourse, or if they break, the risk of infection increases. Additionally, not using condoms during every sexual encounter with an infected partner increases the risk of transmission.

2. Other sexually transmitted infections (STIs): The presence of other untreated STIs, such as syphilis, herpes, or chlamydia, can increase the risk of HIV transmission even when protection is used. These STIs can cause sores or breaks in the skin or mucous membranes, which makes it easier for HIV to enter the body.

3. High-risk sexual behaviors: Engaging in certain high-risk sexual practices, such as anal sex or unprotected sex with multiple partners, can increase the risk of HIV infection even with condom use. These practices increase the likelihood of exposure to infected bodily fluids.

4. Infected partner's viral load: The amount of HIV in an infected person's blood and other bodily fluids (viral load) can influence the risk of transmission. A person with a high viral load is more likely to transmit HIV even with condom use.

5. Inadequate lubrication: Dry sex can increase the risk of condom breakage and make it more likely for HIV to enter the body. Proper lubrication during intercourse can help reduce this risk.

6. Condom defects or failure: Although rare, condoms can have manufacturing defects or may fail due to improper storage or handling. This can compromise the effectiveness of the condom and increase the risk of HIV transmission.

It's important to understand that while using protection is a crucial preventive measure against HIV infection, it is not 100% effective. Therefore, it is essential to combine correct and consistent condom use with other preventive strategies such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), knowing one's HIV status, and reducing risky sexual behaviors.