How is AIDS spread?

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is primarily transmitted through three main routes:

1. Sexual Contact: HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. When an HIV-positive person engages in sexual activity with an HIV-negative person, the virus can be present in bodily fluids such as semen, vaginal fluids, or rectal fluids. During sexual contact, these fluids can come into contact with the mucous membranes of the genitals, rectum, or mouth, facilitating the entry of the virus into the body.

2. Blood-to-Blood Contact: HIV can be transmitted through contact with infected blood or blood products. This can occur in various situations, such as:

- Sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia with an HIV-positive person.

- Accidental needle sticks or cuts with contaminated needles or sharp objects.

- Receiving blood transfusions or organ transplants from an infected donor before stringent HIV screening was implemented.

3. Mother-to-Child Transmission (Perinatal Transmission): HIV can be transmitted from an HIV-positive mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. The virus can cross the placenta and infect the fetus during pregnancy. It can also be transmitted to the newborn during delivery when exposed to the mother's infected blood or bodily fluids. Breastfeeding can also transmit HIV if the mother is not receiving appropriate treatment or taking precautions.

It's important to note that HIV is not spread through casual contact such as handshakes, hugs, sharing utensils, or being in the same room with an infected person. The virus requires specific modes of transmission involving the exchange of bodily fluids.