Effect of HIV and AIDS on fetus infant?

HIV and AIDS can have several adverse effects on a fetus or infant:

In utero transmission: HIV can be passed from an infected mother to her unborn child during pregnancy. This can occur through the placenta or during childbirth. The risk of transmission is highest during the third trimester and during labor and delivery.

Symptoms and complications in infants: Infants infected with HIV may experience a range of symptoms and complications, including:

* Failure to thrive: Infants may have poor growth and development, resulting in low birth weight and stunted growth.

* Immunodeficiency: HIV weakens the immune system, making infants more susceptible to infections and illnesses such as pneumonia, diarrhea, and tuberculosis.

* Neurological problems: HIV can affect the development of the brain and nervous system, leading to problems with coordination, speech, and cognitive function.

* Other complications: Infants with HIV may also develop anemia, skin infections, oral thrush, and eye problems.

Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT): There are several strategies to prevent HIV transmission from mother to child, including:

* Antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy: ART medications can help suppress the amount of HIV in the mother's blood, reducing the risk of transmission to the baby.

* Cesarean section: A planned cesarean section before labor begins can reduce the risk of transmission during childbirth.

* Avoiding breastfeeding: Breastfeeding can transmit HIV, so infected mothers are advised to avoid breastfeeding their infants.

Early diagnosis and treatment: Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of ART in HIV-infected infants can significantly improve their health outcomes. Regular monitoring and medical care are essential to manage the infection and prevent complications.