What causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS?

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. It occurs when the immune system is severely damaged or weakened due to the impact of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The presence of HIV in the body leads to the loss of CD4+ cells, also known as T cells, which are crucial for the body's immune defense against infections.

The symptoms of AIDS may vary widely among individuals, but some common signs include:

1. Opportunistic Infections: People with AIDS are vulnerable to various opportunistic infections that take advantage of the weakened immune system. These infections can include Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), cryptococcal meningitis, cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, and others caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

2. Kaposi's Sarcoma: This type of skin cancer is associated with HIV infection. Kaposi's sarcoma can present as purple or reddish-brown lesions on the skin, in the mouth, or on other body parts.

3. Neurological Complications: HIV can affect the central nervous system, leading to a condition known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). This may result in impairments in memory, concentration, and other cognitive functions.

4. Wasting Syndrome: Some individuals with AIDS may experience weight loss, muscle wasting, and a persistent fever. This can lead to a weakened state and increased susceptibility to other infections and complications.

5. Secondary Cancers: HIV infection is also associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and cervical cancer.

It's important to note that these are just some of the possible symptoms and complications of AIDS. Individual cases may differ, and appropriate medical care is essential for managing and treating HIV-related conditions effectively.