Why people with AIDS often develop many other infectious disease?

People with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) often develop many other infectious diseases because the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, damages the immune system.

The immune system is the body's natural defence against infections and diseases. It is made up of white blood cells, antibodies, and other proteins. HIV attacks and destroys white blood cells, which are crucial for fighting off infections. As a result, people with AIDS have a weakened immune system, making them more susceptible to various opportunistic infections and diseases.

Opportunistic infections refer to infections caused by microorganisms that typically do not cause illness in individuals with a healthy immune system. However, in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with AIDS, these opportunistic infections can become serious or even life-threatening.

Examples of opportunistic infections commonly associated with AIDS include:

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP): A fungal infection that can cause severe pneumonia.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV): A viral infection that can affect various organs, including the lungs, liver, and intestines.

Cryptococcal meningitis: A fungal infection of the brain and spinal cord caused by Cryptococcus neoformans.

Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis: A parasitic infection of the brain caused by Toxoplasma gondii, often acquired through contact with cat feces.

Candidiasis: A fungal infection that can affect the mouth, throat, vagina, or other parts of the body.

In addition to opportunistic infections, people with AIDS are also at an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer, including Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cervical cancer.

Treatment for HIV infection, such as antiretroviral therapy, can help strengthen the immune system and reduce the risk of developing opportunistic infections and other complications. Early diagnosis and regular medical care are crucial for managing HIV and preventing or treating associated illnesses.