How is HIV not transfered from one person to another?

There are several ways in which HIV is not transferred from one person to another:

1. Casual Contact: HIV is not transmitted through casual contact, such as shaking hands, hugging, kissing, or sharing utensils. The virus is not spread through saliva, sweat, or tears.

2. Air or Water: HIV is not transmitted through the air or water. The virus cannot survive outside of the human body for long periods and is not airborne.

3. Insect Bites: HIV is not transmitted through insect bites, such as those from mosquitoes or other insects.

4. Intact Skin: HIV cannot penetrate intact skin. It requires a break in the skin, such as through a cut, abrasion, or open wound, to enter the body.

5. Properly Used Condoms: Consistent and correct use of latex or polyurethane condoms during vaginal, anal, and oral sex can effectively prevent HIV transmission. Condoms provide a physical barrier against the exchange of bodily fluids, including semen, vaginal fluids, and rectal fluids, which can contain HIV.

6. Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): PrEP is a preventive medication that can be taken by individuals who are at high risk of HIV infection. It involves taking antiretroviral drugs before potential exposure to HIV to prevent the virus from establishing an infection.

7. Sterilized Medical Equipment: In medical settings, proper sterilization and disinfection of medical equipment and supplies, such as needles and syringes, prevent the transmission of HIV and other blood-borne infections.

8. Undetectable Viral Load: With effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV can achieve and maintain an undetectable viral load. This means that the amount of HIV in their blood is so low that it cannot be detected by standard tests. When a person maintains an undetectable viral load, they cannot transmit HIV to others through sex. This concept is known as "Undetectable = Untransmittable" (U=U).