What besides HIV or AIDS can cause a low lymphocyte count?

A low lymphocyte count, also known as lymphocytopenia, can be caused by a variety of factors other than HIV or AIDS. Here are some possible causes:

1. Viral Infections: Certain viral infections, such as measles, mumps, rubella, influenza, and hepatitis, can cause a temporary decrease in lymphocyte count.

2. Bacterial Infections: Some bacterial infections, like tuberculosis and typhoid fever, can also lead to lymphocytopenia.

3. Parasitic Infections: Parasitic infections, such as malaria and toxoplasmosis, can affect lymphocyte production and cause a low count.

4. Autoimmune Disorders: Autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease can disrupt the immune system and result in lymphocytopenia.

5. Medications: Certain medications, including chemotherapy drugs, immunosuppressive drugs, and antibiotics, can cause a reduction in lymphocyte count as a side effect.

6. Bone Marrow Disorders: Bone marrow disorders, such as aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, can affect the production of lymphocytes.

7. Genetic Conditions: Some genetic disorders, such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and DiGeorge syndrome, can lead to low lymphocyte counts.

8. Splenomegaly: An enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) can sequester lymphocytes, resulting in a decreased lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood.

9. Malnutrition: Severe malnutrition, particularly deficiencies in protein, calories, and certain micronutrients, can impair lymphocyte production.

10. Stress: Chronic stress can affect the immune system and cause a temporary decrease in lymphocyte count.

It is important to note that a low lymphocyte count by itself does not necessarily indicate a specific underlying condition. A healthcare provider will evaluate the individual's symptoms, medical history, and perform additional tests to determine the cause of lymphocytopenia and provide appropriate treatment.