When does HIV destroy brain cells causing confusion and memory loss?

HIV does not destroy brain cells causing confusion and memory loss. Instead, HIV can infect the cells that support brain cells, thereby indirectly affecting the brain. In some cases, HIV can lead to a condition known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which can cause a range of cognitive problems, including confusion, memory loss, difficulty thinking and concentrating, and changes in personality and behavior. However, HAND is not caused by HIV directly destroying brain cells.