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What Does an HIV Test Entail?

HIV tests can be performed in several different ways, all of which are simple and safe for the tested individual. The test most commonly used to screen for HIV is called EIA (enzyme immunoassay) and detects the presence of antibodies to HIV, as opposed to directly detecting HIV.

  1. Blood Test

    • An EIA can be run on a sample of blood taken via needle from a vein. According to HIVTest.org, blood testing is the most commonly available HIV testing option.

    Oral Fluid Test

    • EIA's can also be run on oral fluid, which is not the same as saliva. A small collection device is held within the mouth for several minutes to gather cells which are then tested for HIV antibodies.

    Urine Test

    • Antibody tests for HIV can be run on a urine sample. However, according to HIVTest.org, these tests are somewhat less accurate than other tests.

    Results

    • If an initial HIV test returns a positive result, another test is run on the same sample to confirm the diagnosis, which does not require additional action on the part of the tested individual. According to HIVTest.org, it can take up to two weeks to get results from a confirmatory test.

    Quick Tests

    • There are quick tests available for detecting antibodies to HIV. These tests are equally accurate but can yield results in as little as 20 minutes, according to HIVTest.org.

    Considerations

    • Because the most widely available tests for HIV rely on the presence of antibodies, individuals should not be tested for HIV less than one month after the last possible exposure. Individuals should discuss the last time they may have been exposed to the virus to see if testing or retesting are good options for them.

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