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Condoms & HIV Risk

When engaging in sexual intercourse with a person who is or may be HIV positive, condoms provide one of the highest rates of infection prevention available. Condoms are not 100 percent effective, though proper use can reduce the risk of infection by up to 98 percent or greater.

  1. Safer Sex

    • Safer sex is sexual intercourse in which efforts are made to reduce the risk of transmitting a sexually transmitted infection such as HIV. A key component to safer sex is proper and consistent condom use.

    Effectiveness in Prevention

    • When used correctly, latex condoms are over 98 percent effective in preventing HIV infection. It is important that the condoms be used as directed to ensure proper use. The expiration date on the condoms should be checked before use, as expired condoms can dry out and may crack or break during intercourse.

    Lubrication

    • In order to help prevent cracking and breaking during sexual intercourse, which could lead to HIV exposure, a water-based lubricant should be used. Oil-based lubricants should be avoided, as they can damage the latex of the condom and cause weak points that can lead to tears or breaks.

    Spermicidal Lubricant

    • Studies by the Institute of Tropical Medicine have found that commonly-used spermicides may increase the risk of HIV infection. These spermicides can cause genital irritation, resulting in small wounds that the HIV virus could use to enter the body.

    Latex vs. Non-Latex Condoms

    • Many non-latex condoms have not been approved by the FDA as a means to prevent HIV or other sexually-transmitted infection. This is especially true of sheepskin and other "natural" condoms, as they are very porous and are unable to prevent the transmission of viral cells. Check condom packages for information on whether they are approved for use in HIV prevention.

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