Facts About HIV Testing

HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, causes AIDS, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and is transmitted from one person to another through semen, vaginal fluids, blood and breast milk. Many people with HIV don't know they are infected, so it is important to be tested regularly if you are at risk.

What Tests Look For

• There are two main ways an HIV test works. Most commonly a test will look for HIV antibodies. A less common form of HIV test looks for the genetic material of HIV.

Seroconversion

• The body begins making antibodies once someone is infected, but a person will not test positive until enough antibodies have been made, called seroconversion. It is still possible to transmit HIV to others before seroconversion. Seroconversion usually takes several weeks, but for some people it can take up to six months. This is why it is important to be tested regularly.

Methods of Testing

• There are three kinds of tests: through a blood or urine sample or from oral fluid, obtained when a testing device is rubbed on the inside of the cheek.

Waiting Time for Results

• Test results can take up to a few days or can be done in as little as 20 minutes for a rapid test using blood or oral fluid. Rapid test results that come up positive must be followed up by a second test, which can take up to a few weeks.

Treatment

• Today there are many treatments available for people who are infected with HIV to keep them healthier, longer. When you know you are positive, you can seek treatment.