Does HIV Cause Skin Problems?

Dermatological problems are particularly relevant in the identification of early-onset human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and can continue throughout the course of an infected person's lifetime. HIV-positive individuals with existing sexually transmitted diseases, such as herpes, might find themselves prone to more frequent outbreaks.

Maculopapular Rash

• During the time when an HIV-infected person is going through the process of seroconverting (becoming HIV-positive), usually about two to three weeks after infection, he may exhibit a maculopapular rash. This rash presents as a series of raised, dark bumps, typically on the face and trunk area, but sometimes on the hands and feet. This rash is transient, lasting during the time of seroconversion--from a few days up to two week. During the asymptomatic stage of HIV, the rash will not be present.

Kaposi's Sarcoma

• Common to HIV sufferers is Kaposi's sarcoma, a cancer that results in tumors of the blood vessel walls. Kaposi's sarcoma presents as pink, red or purple lesions on the skin, including the mouth. Internal organs, such as the lungs and those of the digestive system, may also be affected by Kaposi's sarcoma. Lesions may be reduced by use of antiretrovirals, although in some cases, chemotherapy may be required.

Herpes Zoster

• Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, occurs at a much higher rate in individuals who are HIV-positive, usually during the period when the patient is otherwise asymptomatic. Before eruption of this painful disease, patients might experience a headache, lethargy, and an itching, tingling or burning sensation along the outbreak site. The lesions--made up of clusters of small blisters--form for three to five days, and eventually ulcerate and crust over. Healing takes from two to four weeks. Scarring and change in skin pigmentation may occur.

Herpes Simplex

• Those who are HIV-positive may also have been exposed to the herpes simplex virus, which is transmitted during unprotected sex and causes genital herpes. Oozing, bleeding sores on the genital area are noted, as well as on the buttocks and anus. Herpes outbreaks are triggered by many factors, including immune system suppression that is due to HIV/AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). Individuals who are HIV-positive have more frequent and severe herpes outbreaks that take much longer to heal.

Molluscum Contagiosum

• Molluscum contagiosum, a member of the pox virus family, is spread by skin-to-skin contact or by touching contaminated objects, such as doors and faucets. It can also be spread through sexual contact. Molluscum contagiosum presents as small, round, fleshy papules with an indentation or "dot" at the top. Papules are generally seen on the genitals, abdomen, inner thighs and buttocks. Although they can be removed by rubbing or scratching, doing so merely spreads the virus to other parts of the skin.