Length of Menopause

The Mayo Clinic states that menopause is reached after a woman has not menstruated for a full year. This stage in life lasts 20 to 50 years, depending on the woman's age at onset and length of life. The menopause transition time is often referred to as premenopausal and can last a few months to several years. According to The National Institute on Aging, the transition begins with fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone secretions. This female hormone production, made by the ovaries, gradually decreases in levels beginning around age 40. However, some women may experience this change at a younger age due to illness, surgery or genetic makeup.

Symptoms

• Hot flashes are a common symptom.

  Every menopausal or premenopausal woman will have a different experience. One has slight discomfort and barely notices the change, while another has severe symptoms for years. According to the Mayo Clinic and the Illinois Department of Public Health, one of the first signals that menopause is on the horizon is irregular, heavy or very light periods. Hot flashes come on without warning as the body's internal thermometer fluctuates because of hormone changes. These often bring instant perspiration and occur frequently at night, disturbing the sleep cycle. There may be vaginal irritations such as dryness, itching, burning or frequent infections. Some women also notice an increase in belly fat along with hair loss.

Health Concerns

• Heart disease risk increases after menopause

  According to the Mayo Clinic, a decline in the estrogen level increases the risk of heart disease, and cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women. Osteoporosis, loss of bone density, is another concern. Osteoporosis causes the bones to become fragile, increasing the risk of hip, wrist and spinal fractures. Incontinence may also occur as a result of the urethra and vaginal wall losing flexibility. Furthermore, many women gain weight during this time, particularly around the midsection.

Menopausal Hormone Therapy

• Menopausal hormone therapy requires a prescription.

  According to the National Women's Health Information Center, menopausal hormone therapy (sometimes called hormone replacement therapy) might ease symptoms. Used under the supervision of a licensed physician, menopausal hormone therapy can prevent or slow down bone loss and help alleviate or minimize irritating menopausal symptoms. Menopausal hormone therapy can help reduce hot flashes and night sweats that often lead to sleep deprivation, as well as decrease vaginal irritations such as dryness that affect sexual activity.

Natural Herbs and Supplements

• Nature can provide help.

  Many women prefer natural alternatives to prescription drug therapy, and phytoestrogens (estrogen derived from plants) have become a popular substitute. According to the Mayo Clinic, black cohosh can help relieve hot flashes, night sweats, anxiety, vaginal irritations such as dryness and heart palpitations. The National Women's Health Information Center states that soy products may also help to relieve symptoms. Other phytoestrogens available are valerian root, dong quai and wild yam.

Recommendation

• Discuss options with your doctor.

  Menopause, in all of its stages, is a time of dramatic change for any woman. If severe symptoms are experienced, consult a physician on how to manage them with prescription medications or vitamin and herbal supplements. The risks of menopausal hormone therapies should be discussed with a doctor. Always reveal to health care professionals all medications (including over-the-counter drugs) and supplements currently being taken.