Glucocorticoid Side Effects

Glucocorticoids also called corticosteroids are a class of steroid medications. They are also found naturally in the body. They are used for hormone replacement therapy in patients with low levels of glucocorticoids. They treat other conditions by reducing inflammation, swelling and redness and by changing the way the immune system works. Prolonged use of glucocorticoids may lead to some side effects. A drug in this class is prednisone.

• Prednisone is a glucocorticoid.

Central Nervous system Side Effects

• Headaches, dizziness, difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, inappropriate happiness, extreme changes in mood, changes in personality, extreme tiredness and difficulty breathing are side effects of glucocorticoids on the central nervous system. Other side effects are seizures, depression, loss of contact with reality, confusion and tingling in the face, arms, legs, feet, and hands.

Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Side Effects

• Glucocorticoids affect the eyes, nose and throat. They cause difficulty swallowing; bulging eyes; cataracts; increased eye pressure; swelling of the eyes, face, lips, tongue and throat; sore throat; dry hacking cough; trouble seeing; eye pain and redness; and unintentional formation of tears.

Cardiovascular Side Effects

• Glucocorticoid drugs may affect the heart by causing it to beat irregularly. They may also cause an increase in blood pressure.

Gastrointestinal Side Effects

• An upset stomach, vomiting, swelling of the stomach and stomach pain are side effects of glucocorticoid medications on the digestive system.

Dermatologic Side Effects

• The side effects on the skin include making the skin thin and fragile. It could cause red or purple blotches or lines under the skin, slowed healing of cuts and bruises, acne, increased hair growth, rashes, hives and itchy skin.

Other Side Effects

• Glucocorticoids may slow growth and development in children. They can also cause sudden weight gain and swelling of the face, arms, hands, feet, ankles or lower legs. Osteoporosis, muscle weakness, signs of infection like fever or chills and increased blood sugar levels are other side effects of glucocorticoids.