Hormones and Eczema: What’s the Link?

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. While the exact cause of eczema is not fully understood, it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Hormones are one of the environmental factors that can influence eczema.

Estrogen and Progesterone:

Estrogen and progesterone are two hormones that are primarily produced in women. They play a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle and female reproductive health. Estrogen has been found to have anti-inflammatory effects, while progesterone can have both anti-inflammatory and inflammatory effects depending on the dose and individual. Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause can affect eczema severity in some women.

Androgens:

Androgens are hormones primarily produced in men, but women also produce small amounts. Androgens, such as testosterone, can have an impact on sebum production, which is the oily substance that helps keep skin moisturized. Low levels of androgens can contribute to dry skin and worsen eczema symptoms.

Thyroid Hormones:

Thyroid hormones, produced by the thyroid gland, play a vital role in regulating metabolism and various bodily functions. An underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) can cause dry skin and worsen eczema, while an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) can lead to increased sweating and skin irritation, which can exacerbate eczema symptoms.

Stress Hormones:

Stress can trigger the release of hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones can cause the body to produce histamine, which is a chemical that can lead to itching, inflammation, and worsening of eczema symptoms. Chronic stress can also disrupt the skin barrier function and make it more susceptible to irritants and allergens, contributing to eczema flares.

Adrenal Hormones:

Adrenal hormones, including cortisol, are involved in the body's response to stress and regulate the immune system. Cortisol can have immunosuppressive effects, which means it can reduce inflammation. However, prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, as in chronic stress, can have adverse effects on the skin and potentially worsen eczema.

Insulin:

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels. Insulin resistance and high insulin levels have been linked to an increased risk of developing eczema. Insulin can affect skin cell growth and promote inflammation, contributing to eczema symptoms.

It's important to note that the relationship between hormones and eczema is complex, and individual responses can vary. Hormonal changes alone may not be the sole cause of eczema, but they can certainly influence the severity and frequency of flare-ups. If you have eczema and are experiencing hormonal fluctuations or imbalances, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper assessment and management. They can help determine if hormonal factors are involved in your eczema and recommend appropriate treatments or lifestyle modifications to help control your symptoms.