During compensated shock production of all what hormones increases except?

The correct answer is Insulin.

During compensated shock, various hormonal changes occur to maintain homeostasis and compensate for the reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery. These hormonal responses include:

1. Increased secretion of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) from the adrenal medulla: These hormones cause vasoconstriction, increased heart rate and contractility, and mobilization of energy stores.

2. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS): Renin is released by the kidneys in response to decreased blood pressure, leading to the formation of angiotensin II, which causes vasoconstriction and stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands. Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the kidneys, helping to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.

3. Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland: ADH acts on the kidneys to promote water reabsorption and reduce urine output, thus conserving fluid volume.

4. Release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex: Cortisol has various effects, including promoting the release of glucose from the liver (gluconeogenesis) to maintain blood glucose levels and mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue for energy production.

5. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system: This leads to increased heart rate, contractility, and peripheral vasoconstriction, which help to maintain blood pressure and redirect blood flow to vital organs.

Insulin, on the other hand, is a hormone involved in glucose metabolism. While insulin levels may be affected during shock due to changes in glucose homeostasis, it typically decreases rather than increases. Insulin's primary role is to promote glucose uptake and utilization by cells, and during shock, the body's focus shifts towards mobilizing energy stores and maintaining essential functions, which may lead to decreased insulin secretion and increased glucagon secretion to elevate blood glucose levels.