Adrenal Gland Test & Diagnosis

The adrenal glands are located on the kidneys. According to the American Urological Association, they excrete hormones that regulate blood pressure and heart rate, as well as hormones that control the way the body uses protein, fats and carbohydrates. There are several ways to test the proper functioning of the adrenal glands.

Cortisol Test

• According to the peer-reviewed website WebMD, a cortisol test is given to determine if the adrenal glands are producing the proper amounts of the hormone cortisol, which helps the body deal with stress and regulate fats and sugars.

High Cortisol Values

• According to WebMD, a high value of cortisol could be caused by Cushing's Syndrome, a condition where there is an excess of adrenal gland activity. High levels can also be attributed to liver and kidney disease and the use of birth control pills.

Low Cortisol Values

• According to WebMD, low cortisol values can result from autoimmune diseases, infection or internal bleeding. In rare cases, low cortisol values are caused by Addison's disease, which occurs in people whose kidneys cannot produce sufficient amounts of cortisol. Addison's disease can lead to death if not treated properly.

Aldosterone Tests

• According to the peer-reviewed website Lab Tests Online, an aldosterone test is another way to determine if the adrenal gland is functioning properly. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, and it controls blood pressure and the levels of electrolytes in the body.

High Aldosterone Values

• Excessive levels of aldosterone can result in electrolyte imbalances, muscle weakness, high blood pressure, congestive heart disease and kidney disease, according to Lab Tests Online.

Low Aldosterone Values

• Low levels of aldosterone can result in dehydration, low blood pressure and low levels of sodium and potassium in the blood stream, according to Lab Tests Online.