The Effect of Adrenal Glands on High Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is a critical part of homeostasis, or the maintenance of overall body health. The adrenal glands release several hormones in response to stress which cause an increase in blood pressure. High blood pressure can occur if these hormones are not produced properly.

The Adrenal Glands

• On top of each kidney lies one of the body's two adrenal glands, which are enclosed by a fibrous capsule and a fatty cushion. As part of the endocrine system, these glands release hormones, according to the textbook Human Anatomy and Physiology.

Epinephrine

• Epinephrine is a hormone secreted center of the adrenal glands. It acts on beta-adrenergic receptors, which are mainly found on the heart and lungs, to increase heart rate and pressure and increase airflow in the lungs.

Norepinephrine

• Also released by the gland's center is norepinephrine, which raises blood pressure by stimulating the body's blood vessels to tighten. Norepinephrine and epinephrine are released in response to short-term stress.

Aldosterone

• Aldosterone, a hormone released by the adrenal glands, stimulates sodium retention by the body. This also results in increased water retention, which causes higher blood volume and thus higher blood pressure.

Hormonal Imbalance

• All three hormones mentioned previously raise the body's blood pressure, usually in response to blood pressure which is too low. However, improper secretion of these hormones by the adrenal glands may lead to clinically-high blood pressure.