What is human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that infects the skin and mucous membranes. There are over 100 types of HPV, and some of them can cause warts, while others can lead to cancer.

Warts

HPV can cause warts on the skin and mucous membranes. Warts are typically small, fleshy growths that can be raised or flat. They can be painful or itchy, and they can spread from one part of the body to another.

Cancer

Some types of HPV can cause cancer, including cervical cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, anal cancer, and penile cancer. These cancers are caused by the long-term infection of HPV with certain high-risk types of the virus.

Risk factors for HPV infection

The risk of HPV infection is increased by:

* Having multiple sexual partners

* Engaging in unprotected sex

* Having a weakened immune system

* Being young (HPV is most common in teenagers and young adults)

Prevention of HPV infection

There are several things you can do to reduce your risk of HPV infection, including:

* Getting vaccinated against HPV

* Using condoms during sex

* Limiting the number of sexual partners you have

* Avoiding sex with people who have warts

Treatment of HPV infection

There are several treatments available for HPV infection, depending on the type of HPV and the severity of the infection. Treatments can include:

* Topical medications

* Laser therapy

* Cryotherapy (freezing)

* Surgery

HPV and pregnancy

HPV infection can be passed from mother to child during childbirth. This can lead to respiratory papillomatosis, which is a rare condition that causes warts to develop in the child's throat and lungs. In most cases, respiratory papillomatosis can be treated with surgery or laser therapy.

HPV is a common virus, but it can be prevented and treated. If you are concerned about HPV, talk to your doctor.