What are the causes of hyperglycemia?

1. Insulin deficiency or resistance:

- When the body does not produce enough insulin, or when cells become resistant to insulin's effects, glucose cannot enter cells effectively. This can lead to a buildup of glucose in the bloodstream, causing hyperglycemia.

2. Increased glucagon production:

- Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood sugar levels by promoting the release of glucose from the liver. In certain conditions, such as diabetes or certain medications, glucagon levels can become elevated, leading to hyperglycemia.

3. Excessive carbohydrate consumption:

- Consuming a large amount of carbohydrates, especially simple carbohydrates like refined sugar, can cause a rapid increase in blood sugar levels, leading to hyperglycemia.

4. Stress response:

- During stressful situations, the body releases hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, which can increase blood sugar levels to provide energy for the body's response. This can lead to temporary hyperglycemia.

5. Certain medical conditions:

- Hyperglycemia can also occur due to various medical conditions, including:

- Diabetes: Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are characterized by elevated blood sugar levels due to insulin deficiency or resistance.

- Cushing's syndrome: A condition where the body produces too much of the hormone cortisol, which can lead to increased blood sugar levels.

- Pheochromocytoma: A tumor of the adrenal glands that can release excessive amounts of catecholamines, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.

- Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas, which can affect insulin production and lead to hyperglycemia.

6. Medications:

- Certain medications, such as steroids, diuretics, and some chemotherapy drugs, can cause hyperglycemia as a side effect.