Side Effects of Sodium Nitrate

Sodium nitrate is a chemical compound used in making fireworks, explosives and in the production of potassium nitrate. It has been used for centuries in meat preservation and curing, mostly used in small amounts in bacon products, luncheon meats, hot dogs and other preserved meats. Currently there are government regulations on the amounts of the chemical that can be used in the preservation process. Even in small amounts, the adverse effects can be severe as it is known to build up over time in blood cells causing a range of side effects. This chemical can be deadly to some and is considered a hazardous material.

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Safety Precautions

• Always take proper safety precautions before handling or being near sodium nitrate as even just inhaling it in small quantities can cause serious side effects. Wear safety goggles, facemask, hat, protective clothing, gloves and boots to ensure complete body protection from the fumes of this hazardous material. Special ventilation systems are recommended for those companies working with this chemical on a regular basis. Sodium nitrate should be properly stored in a tightly sealed, labeled container in a cool place at all times when not being used. Avoid placing near combustibles or fire hazards.

Mild Effects

• Sodium nitrate can have many adverse effects on the body, including cancer, depending on the amount ingested or if inhaled when in dust form. Some mild effects of the chemical are irritation of the respiratory tract, redness or itching of the skin or eyes, coughing, dizziness and headache.

Severe Side Effects

• Gastroenteritis, severe headache and mental impairment can occur if exposed to sodium nitrate in larger quantities or for an extended period. People who are more susceptible to severe side effects of exposure are those with a history of lung or kidney disease. Other symptoms and severe side effects include bloody diarrhea, convulsion, collapse or dizziness.

Continued Exposure

• Those who are under constant exposure to sodium nitrate are more prone to a rare condition, known as methemoglobinemia, where the stomach converts the nitrate into bacteria that inhibits the red blood cells from carrying oxygen. With this condition, side effects include severe dizziness, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, irregular breathing and increased heart rate. In rare instances, coma or death could occur.

First Aid Measures

• If unprocessed sodium nitrate is swallowed, induce vomiting. If the chemical gets on your skin or in your eyes, flush immediately with fresh water for 15 minutes. Be sure to seek medical attention if exposure to this chemical causes shortness of breath; oxygen should be administered as soon as possible until breathing has been restored.