Toxic Shock Syndrome Information

While often associated with women and tampon use, toxic shock syndrome can develop in men, women and children. It is a rare but serious illness that can be treated when diagnosed early.

Cause of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

• Toxic shock syndrome is caused by bacteria. The bacteria that usually causes TSS is staphylococcus aureus (staph). However, toxic shock syndrome can also be caused by the toxins from group A streptococcus bacteria. This is the same type of bacteria that causes strep throat and can cause a more serious form of TSS than staphylococcus aureus (staph).

Source of Infection

• The infection can come from several different sources including: the vagina (as a result of tampon use), the nose, childbirth, a surgical wound or any type of skin wound.

Symptoms

• If you experience the symptoms of TSS, it is important to get immediate medical attention. Symptoms include: a high fever with sudden onset, low blood pressure, diarrhea or vomiting, rash, weakness and fatigue, muscle pain, confusion, unusual redness in eyes, mouth or throat, headaches and seizure.

Diagnosis and Treatment

• The diagnosis of toxic shock syndrome is done by a physical exam and the administration of specific blood and urine tests. Treatment usually consists of hospitalization and the administration of antibiotics. Other medications may be required to stabilize blood pressure. Some patients will require fluids to rehydrate and some may even require dialysis if kidney failure has occurred.

Prevention

• Critical to avoiding TSS is proper hand washing. The presence of bacteria on the hands allows transportation of the bacteria to other parts of the body. It is important to be sure to clean and dress all open wounds as soon as possible to avoid the spread of bacteria. Women should not use super absorbent tampons, or if they do, they must be sure to change them frequently. Tampons should be stored away from moisture and heat.