Complications With Toxic Shock Syndrome

Toxic shock syndrome, or TSS, is a potentially fatal bacterial infection that is generally caused by tampon use, but it may also be the result of infections occurring in wounds or surgical incisions. Symptoms of TSS include high fevers, watery diarrhea, vomiting, conjunctivitis, muscle aches, severe headache and feelings of weakness or faintness. The symptoms appear suddenly, and a rash similar to a sunburn may be present. Complications with toxic shock syndrome can develop rapidly and may result in death. Therefore, it is essential to seek medical help immediately when symptoms of toxic shock syndrome develop.

Significance

• Dangerous complications from toxic shock syndrome are common, and an estimated two-thirds of patients do not develop antibodies to the bacterial toxins responsible for the infection.

Identification

• Toxic shock syndrome may cause a number of very serious complications, including shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, kidney failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation and death.

Identification

• Hospitalization and continuous monitoring are needed for patients with TSS to look for signs of developing complications, such as decreased oxygen and blood circulation, impaired clotting ability, reduced kidney function, or breathing difficulties caused by acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Considerations

• Adults who develop toxic shock syndrome are considerably more likely to develop dangerous complications than children, even in cases where the infection appears less severe.

Warning

• Toxic shock syndrome may recur, with 30 percent of women having one or more repeat episodes of menstrual TSS, generally within the three following menstrual cycles.