|  | Conditions Treatments | Illness

Reasons for a Low Potassium Result on a Blood Test

Potassium is a nutrient, usually obtained through food, that affects the functioning of nerve and muscle cells. Low potassium levels in the blood, or hypokalemia, can be a life-threatening condition that requires immediate attention. Low potassium levels are diagnosed by a blood test. Low potassium is usually caused by excreting excessive amounts of potassium through the urine.

  1. Causes of Low Potassium

    • The most common reason for a low potassium result on a blood test is excessive loss of potassium through urine. Diuretics, or water pills, can cause a person to lose potassium, as can diarrhea or an eating disorder. Using laxatives in excess can also lead to too much potassium being excreted. Chronic kidney failure can also be a reason for losing potassium. In rare cases, low potassium can be a result of not getting enough potassium in the diet. It is important to consult with a physician to pinpoint the exact reason for low potassium on a blood test.

    Symptoms of Low Potassium

    • A normal blood potassium level is 3.6 to 4.8 milliequivalents per liter. Low blood potassium can cause weakness and fatigue, making a person feel tired or have difficulty with everyday activities. Because potassium affects muscle cells, low levels of it can cause muscle cramps or even irregularities in heart rhythms, called arrhythmias. Low potassium can also affect the excretory system, causing constipation.

    How Potassium Affects the Body

    • Potassium plays an important role in the way the brain sends electrical signals between cells. It also is involved in sending messages to the muscles and preventing muscle contractions. Because it has an electrical charge, it helps modulate fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. Healthy foods, especially fruits and vegetables, are an important source of potassium.

    Considerations

    • Low potassium levels are usually discovered by a blood test. Low amounts of potassium may be a sign of a serious problem, such as kidney failure. It can cause severe dysfunctions in the body, especially in the muscles of the heart. Because of this, it is important to consult with a doctor about blood test results that indicate low potassium. Doctors may treat this condition with potassium supplements or by treating the underlying cause of the potassium deficiency. It is important to see a physician before taking potassium supplements or any other form of treatment.

Illness - Related Articles