Types of Medical Polymers

A polymer is a substance that has a high molar mass and is made up of repeating units. Some polymers are made from natural chemicals, while others are synthesized. These polymers are created through chemical reactions produced by molecules called monomers. These monomers join and form chains, according to the University of Wisconsin. The medical field uses polymers both for various medications and for plastics used to construct various medical devices.

Plastics

• Many synthetic polymers are plastics that are used in the construction of medical devices. Plastics have been used to create simple and more comfortable prosthetic arms and legs. Prosthetics made from plastic are more flexible and move more smoothly. Plastics are less likely to be contaminated by pathogens than other building materials, such as metals and woods. Plastics allow medical professionals to create disposable supplies, so supplies contaminated by pathogens and fluids can be disposed of. Tubes, syringes and many other medical devices are made using plastics.

Starches and Proteins

• Many foods are polymers. Proteins and starches are both polymers that people must consume. The human body needs protein for energy and to build muscle mass, though most Americans eat more protein than they need. According to Appalachian State University, athletes and other active people need more protein than usual. When people are suffering from protein deficiency, protein supplements can be a form of medicine.

Cellulose

• Cellulose is a natural substance that is a polymer. It is used to make medicines, such as sodium cellulose phosphate and hydroxypropyl cellulose. Sodium cellulose phosphate lowers high calcium levels in urine, helping to keep kidney stones from developing, according to the University of Maryland.

Polyethelene

• Polyethlene glycol is a polymer that serves as a laxative. It is a laxative that increases the amount of water in the stool, which helps treat constipation. This leads to more frequent and easier bowel movements, according to the University of Arkansas. Some versions are used to clear out the colon before a colonoscopy.

Polystyrene

• Sodium polystyrene is a polymer that treats hyperkalemia, an excessive quantity of potassium in the blood. The human body can usually regulate the amount of potassium in the blood very precisely, so an inability to regulate potassium indicates a problem with the kidneys. This medicine is prescribed to the patient and the doctor gives the patient instructions on how to use the medication, according to the University of Maryland.