How long can a person with common variable immunodeficiency live?
The prognosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) has significantly improved over the years due to advances in medical management. The median life expectancy of individuals with CVID can vary depending on several factors such as:
* Early diagnosis and treatment: Early identification of CVID and prompt initiation of appropriate therapy can greatly enhance the individual's lifespan and quality of life. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy, which involves regular infusions of antibodies, plays a crucial role in preventing severe infections and reducing the risk of complications.
* Severity of the condition: The severity of CVID can vary among individuals, with some experiencing milder symptoms and others developing more severe and life-threatening complications. Factors such as the extent of immune deficiency, the presence of autoimmune complications, and the development of certain infections can impact the overall prognosis.
* Associated complications: CVID can be associated with an increased risk of various complications, including:
* Severe infections: Recurrent and severe infections, particularly those caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and encapsulated bacteria, pose a significant risk to individuals with CVID. Infections of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and other organ systems can lead to serious health consequences.
* Autoimmune disorders: CVID patients may develop autoimmune conditions such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, or autoimmune enteropathy. These disorders occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, leading to various symptoms and complications.
* Malignancies: Individuals with CVID have an increased risk of certain types of cancers, including lymphomas, gastrointestinal cancers, and skin cancers. The compromised immune system may impair the body's ability to recognize and eliminate abnormal or cancerous cells.
With early diagnosis, regular immunoglobulin replacement therapy, proactive management of infections, and close monitoring for complications, many individuals with CVID are able to live full and active lives. The median life expectancy has improved significantly and is estimated to be around 50-70 years or potentially even longer in well-managed cases. However, it's essential for individuals with CVID to follow their treatment plan closely and work closely with their healthcare team to optimize their health outcomes.