What are some examples of passive immunity?

Passive immunity refers to the transfer of protective antibodies or immunity from one individual (the donor) to another (the recipient). This can occur through ready-made antibodies, rather than the recipient's own immune system directly producing them. Here are some examples of passive immunity:

1. Maternal Antibodies: During pregnancy, the mother's antibodies pass through the placenta and provide immunity to the developing fetus. These antibodies help protect the newborn during the initial months of life before their immune system fully develops.

2. Breast Milk: Breast milk contains various antibodies that protect infants from infections. Breastfeeding mothers pass on their immunity to their nursing babies through these antibodies in breast milk.

3. Immune Globulins (IG): Immune globulins are antibody preparations derived from human blood or animal serum that contain high levels of specific antibodies. They are used to provide temporary immunity against certain diseases or infections. For example:

- Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG): Protects against hepatitis B infection.

- Tetanus immune globulin (TIG): Prevents tetanus infection.

- Rabies immune globulin (RIG): Used after potential rabies exposure.

- Varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG): Protects against chickenpox.

4. Transfusion of Blood or Blood Products: Transfusion of blood or blood products, such as plasma or platelets, can also transfer antibodies and provide temporary passive immunity.

5. Antivenom: Antivenom is a medicine that contains antibodies against the venom of certain animals like snakes, spiders, or scorpions. When administered to a person who has been bitten or stung, it helps neutralize the toxins and provide temporary immunity against the venom.

It's important to note that passive immunity is typically short-lived and doesn't provide long-term protection. It offers temporary defense against specific pathogens until the recipient's immune system can generate its own active immunity.