About Immune System Disorders

The immune system is the front line for protection against every attack against the body. Immune system disorders result from the system's inability to play its crucial role in overall health. There are identifiable symptoms that point to possible immune system dysfunction and to immunodeficiency diseases. In some cases, prevention is possible to strengthen the immune system.

Types

• There are two primary types of immune system disorders. Primary disorders, congenital, are rare and usually inherited. Only male children suffer from congenital immune system disorders. Included in the list of 200 congenital immune disorders are B cell problems that affect the immune system's ability to create antibodies. Also included are T cell issues, such as Ataxia-telangiectasia and Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome. Secondary, or acquired, immune deficiency ailments are contracted from other sources, such as drugs, other health problems or transplant rejections. The most recognizable disorder is HIV, which causes acquired immunodeficiency disorder (AIDS).

Function

• At birth, an infant's immune system functions, but not fully. This innate immunity matures, and the body becomes more adept in its defense against antigens or foreign bodies. This is adaptive immunity by which the body becomes able to identify and remember antigens as they are encountered. There are two ways that the immune system achieves this process--cell-mediated and humoral immunity. White blood cells, which can pass through cell walls and travel rapidly to the site of injury or infection, are the center of every aspect of immunity against infection.

Significance

• When the immune system malfunctions and immune system disorders occur, infections happen more frequently, have increased severity and are more difficult to treat. Injuries do not heal as quickly as with a healthy immune system. When the immune system malfunctions, the overall degrading of health can lead to other and more serious health problems. When white blood cells are not healthy, the immune system is compromised.

Symptoms

• Symptoms of immunodeficiency disorders usually begin with respiratory infections, which persist and recur. Followed by respiratory immune problems are bacterial infections with accompanying sore throats, colds and more severe respiratory infections, such as pneumonia. Other infections of the mouth, ears, throat and skin likely will appear and be difficult to cure. Although persons who experience frequent colds not necessarily have compromised immune systems, only a doctor can evaluate any condition.

Prevention

• While there is no way to prevent inherited immunodeficiency disorders, one can take measures to prevent acquired immune system illness. People with diabetes can be careful about blood sugar levels. Healthy blood sugar contributes to healthy white blood cells. Protected sexual relations and avoidance of intravenous drug usage are the primary ways to protect against HIV infection. One should take care when coming into contact with blood and other bodily fluids without gloves or on open wounds. Also significant is the type of disorder. When the immune system is deficient in antibodies, for example, it is wise to drink only bottled water and to avoid contact with people who have infections. Avoid a diet that is high in fat and processed foods. Give the immune system valuable nutrients, such as vitamins A, C and E; C is the most important. Also take zinc to boost the immune system's response.