Thymus Enlargement

The thymus gland is located just behind the breastbone and in front of the heart. An important endocrine gland, it regulates the proper functioning of the immune system. The thymus's growth normally slows down at puberty. An enlarged thymus may indicate health problems.

Function

• The thymus gland secretes hormones to help lymphocytes (white blood cells) mature into T-cells. These T-lymphocytes are the pillars of the immune system, protecting the body against foreign organism invasion including bacteria.

Factors

• A number of factors can cause thymus enlargement. It can be due to the overgrowth of thymus tissue, which may indicate an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks itself. In adults, a condition known as myasthenia gravis is often associated with enlarged thymus. Symptoms include muscle weakness and it can be dangerous if muscles for breathing are implicated.

Other Factors

• In some cases, a benign growth or tumor can cause thymus enlargement. Specific examples include cysts, fatty lumps or tumors known as thymomas. Other causes include Graves' disease and cancers.

Treatment

• In certain cases, doctors may surgically remove the thymus gland to relieve problems associated with enlarged thymus.