Pemphigus Vulgaris Skin Disease

Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare autoimmune skin disorder characterized by blisters in the mouth and skin. It is often fatal when left untreated, so it is important to know the symptoms of pemphigus vulgaris and contact your doctor if you suspect that you have the disease.

Causes

• Pemphigus vulgaris can be caused when the immune system produces antibodies for certain proteins in the skin and mucous membranes. In rare cases, it may be triggered by blood pressure medications or chelating agents, such as penicillamine.

Symptoms

• About 50 percent of pemphigus vulgaris cases begin with painful blisters in the mouth, which are followed by skin blisters that might ooze and become infected. The blisters in the mouth might make it hard to swallow and eat. Another sign of the disorder is that unaffected skin can separate easily when rubbed with a finger or cotton swab.

Treatment

• Pemphigus is treated similarly to a severe burn, and may require hospitalization. Treatment can involve fluids given through IV, including feedings in the case of mouth ulcers, lozenges to reduce mouth pain and antibiotics to control infections. Sometimes, antibiotics such as minocycline and doxycycline are administered. Ulcers and blisters may be soothed by lotions.

At Risk Groups

• Pemphigus vulgaris is highest in populations with a prominent Jewish or Mediterranean population. The disease affects males and females equally, except in adolescence, where females are more commonly affected. Most patients will have their first encounter with the disease at age 50-60.

Mortality Rate

• Most patients suffering from this disease will survive with the proper treatment. It is fatal in only 5 percent to 15 percent of all cases. The mortality rate is higher in older patients, or those with extensive pemphigus vulgaris, as high doses of some treatment medications are linked to complications.