What Are the Causes of Bacillary Dysentery?

Bacillary dysentery is a symptom of shigellosis, an infection caused by the Shigella bacteria. This infection causes intestinal inflammation that leads to diarrhea, which can range from minor to severe and can be life-threatening if the patient does not stay hydrated. The disorder is common worldwide, especially in children.

Primary Cause

• Bacillary dysentery outbreaks are most common in places with poor sanitation and lack of proper sewage disposal. It is primarily caused by water polluted with sewage containing Shigella bacteria. Even if people do not drink this water, it may be used to water crops and rinse food.

Disease Spread

• Shigella bacteria can be spread by flies and infected people who don't their hands after going to the bathroom or changing diapers, or by eating contaminated food or swimming in contaminated water.

Considerations

• In the U.S. and other developed countries, children are most likely to acquire and spread bacillary dysentery. They tend to have poor personal hygiene and often are in close contact with many other children. In these countries, bacillary dysentery usually resolves itself on its own, but more severe cases are treated with antibiotics, along with fluid and electrolyte replacement.

Prevalence

• About 600,000 people die of the disease worldwide each year, according to Aetna InteliHealth. Most deaths occur in developing countries in children under age 5. About 20,000 cases are reported in the U.S. each year, but the actual incidence is estimated to be much higher.

Prevention

• Good hygiene is essential for preventing the spread of bacillary dysentery. People should frequently wash their hands with soap and water, especially after going to the bathroom or changing diapers, and before preparing food. Children also should be monitored for hand washing.