Hospital Staph Infections

Staph infections are caused by a common organism, staphlococcus aureus or the S. aureus bacteria. It is found on the bodies, particularly on the skin or in the noses of nearly one-third of the population, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics website. The bacteria on or in your body does not indicate an infection, however. A particularly strong strain of staph is called, MRSA (Methicillin-resistant staphlococcus aureus,) and if it is acquired in a hospital or other health care facility, it is called HA-MRSA or health care-associated MRSA.

• Staph infections are found particularly on the skin.

Identification

• Staph infections occur when the bacteria enters the body typically through an open wound or opening in skin. Those who are in the hospital and have recently had surgery, or those with weak immune systems are especially vulnerable to staph infections. Symptoms of staph include red swollen area of the skin, pus or drainage from the area, boil or abscess, burning sensation, and fever. Symptoms of more serious infection include chest pain, cough, fatigue, headache, rash and shortness of breath.

Types

• The hospital associated or HA-MRSA infection is easily contracted in hospital settings and can be brought home by patients upon leaving the hospital as well. Another type of MRSA infection is the community-associated or CA-MRSA. This staph infection spreads through those living in close contact, such as those in military barracks, dormitories and in gyms, especially those used by people engaging in high contact sports like footballs or martial arts.

Effects

• According to a study by Northwestern Memorial Hospital, a diagnosis of staph infection is noted on 1 percent of all discharges in US hospitals. Staph infections cost $9.5 billion in extra charges each year, and triple the length of hospital stay on average. A staph infection increases the risk of death while in the hospital five times beyond a normal risk.

Prevention

• Preventing the spread of staph infections is often as easy as good hand washing. Frequently wash hands with warm water and soap, use hand sanitizer if no water is available. Keep all wounds clean, dry and covered with a bandaged which is changed regularly. Don't share personal items such as towels, washcloths or shaving items.

Treatment

• A minor staph infection may require a topical treatment and antibiotic, and perhaps the site being drained by a doctor. More serious infections may require more aggressive antibiotic treatment, IV fluids and perhaps oxygen. It is important to follow directions for all medication, and to take all the medication prescribed even if the patient is feeling better.